These work very much like the key pairs used to authenticate PGP emails, and as we shall see, verifying PGP digital signatures requires using a PGP-compatible mail program.
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Which must then be manually authenticated. Open-source software cannot use the propriety Microsoft PKI, and so uses PGP digital signatures instead. Windows, for example, uses the Microsoft public key infrastructure (PKI) technology to automatically validate signatures when software is first installed. PGP digital signaturesĭifferent cryptographic systems use different mechanisms to create and validate digital signatures. To provide greater assurances of this, developers can sign their files with digital signatures, which employ a form of asymmetric cryptography (public keys and private keys) to verify that a file is exactly what it claims to be.Ī diagram showing how a digital signature is applied and then verified.
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Hashes are therefore useful in verifying that a file has not been corrupted, but are only of limited use in ensuring that the file you download is the same file its developers intend you to download. Using cryptographic hashes is an attempt to solve this problem, but unfortunately the technique has a major weakness - for example, a developer’s website may be hacked to display the hash of a compromised file rather than the original, or mathematical vulnerabilities can make them insecure. After all, what is the point of trusting your privacy and security to a program that may contain a virus, especially when you consider that such software and its users are without any doubt high priority targets for the NSA and its ilk?Įven when you download software directly from a vendor or developers’ website, you might fall victim to a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack, or the website itself might be compromised in various ways.
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The ability to verify the integrity of just about any file is important, but when we download privacy and security software from the internet, it is absolutely critical. A while ago we discussed cryptographic hashes (such as MD5 and SH1 checksums), and how they help ensure that a file you download is the same file that its creator intended you to download by creating a unique ‘fingerprint’ of the file that can be checked against the original.